What defines "dramatic irony" in a play?

Dramatic irony is a key element in storytelling, especially in plays, where it occurs when the audience possesses knowledge that the characters on stage are unaware of. This creates a sense of tension and engagement, as spectators anticipate the characters’ reactions upon discovering the truth. For example, if an audience knows that a character is walking into a trap while the character believes they are safe, it heightens the emotional impact of the scene. Dramatic irony encourages viewers to connect more deeply with the narrative, as they experience a range of emotions in anticipation of the inevitable moment when the characters will come to understand the reality of their situation.

The other options describe different techniques or moments in drama but do not capture the essence of dramatic irony itself. Characters reflecting on their past can develop their background but does not involve the audience's knowledge. A predictable plot twist may be engaging, but it lacks the critical dynamic of audience awareness versus character ignorance. Breaking the fourth wall refers to direct interaction with the audience and is a separate theatrical device unrelated to the concept of dramatic irony.